Role of zinc in human physiology
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18109408Keywords:
zinc, zinc finger, Trace Elements, physiologyAbstract
Zinc (Zn) is important from body due to its role in physiological processes through its catalytic, structural, and regulatory functions defined as a trace element. Although its level is lower, Zn is maintained by a modulating system involving Zn transporters (ZnTs and ZIPs), intracellular buffering and muffling mechanisms, organellar sequestration, and Zn-binding proteins such as metallothioneins (MTs) and thionein (T). Beyond its classical role as a cofactor for metalloenzymes, Zn act intracellular signalling in cell therefore influencing cell proliferation, apoptosis, neurotransmission, immune responses, and redox homeostasis. Zn-dependent zinc finger (ZF) motifs further link Zn availability to transcriptional regulation and hormone signaling pathways. Additionally, Zn modulates key signaling cascades, including Nrf2- and NF-κB–mediated pathways, thereby contributing to antioxidant defense and inflammatory control. Disruption of Zn homeostasis has been associated with a wide range of metabolic, neurological, immunological, and endocrine disorders. This review asserts a comprehensive aspect of Zn metabolism, intracellular storage, and physiological functions, highlighting the central role of Zn in maintaining cellular and systemic homeostasis.
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